They find the house and see Pecola sitting on the stoop outside. It even included air conditioning and underground railways for reinforcements. "[44], The psychological factor of the Maginot Line has also been discussed. He is a pedophile who loves to touch little girls. The strategy was that the Maginot Line would blunt any invasion and allow time for mobilisation and counterattack by allied forces. Saltzman provided art director Syd Cain with a tour of the complex. Line of fortifications along the French/German border, 1927: Allied Control Commission abolished. This was impossible elsewhere as the other parts of the line were located in civilian areas.[10]. Theylive above the Breedlove apartment and befriendPecola. Instead of worrying that her own daughter has been burned by the hot berries, she pushes Pecola down into the pie juice. She has a deformed foot and sees herself as the martyr of a terrible marriage. But this may not be a fair characterization. [20] The drop in the birth rate during and after the war, resulting in a national shortage of young men, created an "echo" effect on the generation that provided the French conscript army in the mid-1930s. When the little white girl asks Mrs. Breedlove who the black girls were, Mrs. Breedlove assures her that she doesn't need to know: "Hush. His desire to poison the animal stems solely from his own hatred of the beast, and his racial self-loathing prevents him from offering any sound counsel to Pecola. The girl is the daughter of the family that employs Breedlove as a servant. The prostitutes tease each other affectionately and treat Pecola with kindness, while the rest of the community treats her cruelly. As with his son Sammy, who is always running away from home, Cholly's gender gives him a degree of agency that Pecola and Pauline simply do not have. The local prostitues, Miss Marie (also known as the Maginot Line) is fat and affectionate, China is skinny and sarcastic, and Poland is quiet. Infantry Casemates: These bunkers were armed with twin machine-guns (abbreviated as JM Jumelage de mitrailleuses in French) and anti-tank guns of 37 or 47mm (1.5 or 1.9in). Pecola's lies demonstrate the insecurity she feels about herself, and her self-perceived ugliness. But World War I worsened the problem. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. Subsequently the Line was of minimal military importance, and many of the fortress divisions surrendered without even fighting. [12], The great conclusion that was drawn in Paris after the Ruhrkampf and the 1924 London Conference was that France could not make unilateral military moves to uphold Versailles as the resulting British hostility to such moves was too dangerous to the republic. When the bigger plan went to crap, the Maginot Line went along with it.". But modern historians are increasingly making a bold claim: It wasn't the Maginot Line that failed, it was diplomacy and French armored tactics. The girls have a brief exchange during which Pecola defends the Maginot Line (Miss Marie, as she calls her), but the conversation is cut short when Mrs. Breedlove comes out to see who Pecola's visitors are. The color of eyes is not for looking, but for being looked at. When she speaks to Pecola and her friends, her voice is like rotten pieces of apple, but when she speaks to the white girl, her voice is like honey. Frieda is uncertain how to describe what has happened to her. But after a few days of following M'Dear's prescription, Aunt Jimmy eats a peach cobbler and dies. Purchasing Made up of a series of locations spanning over 3 kilometres, the Schoenenbourg Maginot Line fort was entirely self sufficient, with . [I] settled down to just being ugly.". [41] Donnell argued that the primary purpose of "prevent[ing] a concerted attack on France through the traditional invasion routes and to permit time for the mobilisation of troops was fulfiled", as was the French strategy of forcing the Germans to enter Belgium, which ideally would have allowed "the French to fight on favourable terrain". For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! They had found that the question of the cou- He goes from being the young lover to the naked black boy, forced to go on with sex while two bigger and stronger men watch. Frieda is angered by her experience and ready to take action rather than remain ashamed and defeated. You'll also receive an email with the link. She lies in an empty lot ruminating and then heads home. After a long series of failures in his studies and migration, Elihue has settled in Lorrain and become the local fortune teller/sorcerer. She finds Frieda upstairs crying. The moment is painfully evoked: "There I was five months pregnant, trying to look like Jean Harlow, and a front tooth gone. Read an in-depth analysis of Cholly Breedlove. They also misinterpret Mrs. MacTeer's words and attempt to avert Frieda's "ruin," misunderstanding the words of adults. Battles on the Western front were little effected by the Line. The fear in the little white girl's eyes suggests she has been taught to fear black people. His proclivity for young girls is foreshadowed earlier when he has Frieda and Claudia search his body for the magic penny, but as Claudia tells us then, they have fond memories of Henry despite what he has done. This section is arguably the most successful part of the novel. Because she is closer to adolescence, Frieda is more vulnerable to her communitys equation of whiteness with beauty. The kitchen is spotless, with white porcelain and white woodwork. The community knows Miss Marie as the Maginot Line. -Graham S. The timeline below shows where the character China, Poland, and Miss Marie appears in, laughter coming from inside the house. 4. Read an in-depth analysis of Pecola Breedlove. Cloches are non-retractable turrets. Read an in-depth analysis of Claudia MacTeer. The specification of the defences was very high, with extensive and interconnected bunker complexes for thousands of men; there were 45 main forts (grands ouvrages) at intervals of 15km (9.3mi), 97 smaller forts (petits ouvrages) and 352 casemates between, with over 100km (62mi) of tunnels. However, he noted that the French failed to use the line as the basis for an offensive. While most of the giant underground fortresses of the Maginot Line were abandoned or destroyed, you can visit a few of them, still in working order. on 50-99 accounts. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. [23] Germany had the largest economy in Europe but lacked many of the raw materials necessary for a modern industrial economy (making the Reich vulnerable to a blockade) and the ability to feed its population. Once the French forces left the Rhineland in 1930, this form of leverage with the Rhineland as collateral was no longer available to Paris, which from then on had to depend on Berlin's word that it would continue to abide by the terms of the Versailles and Locarno treaties, which stated that the Rhineland was to stay demilitarised forever. When The Maginot Line asks if the girls are looking for someone, Claudia explains they are looking for Pecola. "That's just what the French did," says Kirchubel. Pecolas father, who is impulsive and violentfree, but in a dangerous way. Cholly knows nothing of love and little of faithfulness or family. This logical but mistaken chain of reasoning adds a rare note of humor to the story that is unfolding. [26] Of French trade, 35 percent was with the British Empire and the majority of the tin, rubber, jute, wool and manganese used by France came from the British Empire. The Maginot Line tells them she works at a big white lakefront house. She then comforts the little white girl and begins to clean the black stain off of her pink dress. The main construction was largely completed by 1939, at the cost of around 3 billion French francs (around 3.9 billion in today's U.S. dollars worth). "The Maginot Line would have done just fine against a German army with no tanks, airplanes or heavy artillery," says Kirchubel, all of which were banned inside Germany after WWI. Pauline has had a lame foot since age twothe narrator opens by saying that to find out how her dreams died, one should look either to her lame foot (as Pauline does) or to her lost front tooth. The line, which was supposed to be fully extended further towards the west to avoid such an occurrence, was finally scaled back in response to demands from Belgium. Frieda and Claudia decide to ask Pecola to get whisky from her father in order to keep Frieda from getting fat. ", "Opinion The difficult truths behind 'Dunkirk', The Maginot Line (French/English/German/Italian), Fortress of Schoenenbourg, (French/English/German/Italian), The U.S. Army vs. The serpent, constructed over a period of 11 years at a cost of some seven billion prewar francs, was France's last, best hope to avert another German invasion, another devastating war. The Maginot Line tells them Pecola is at her mother's workplace, explaining that Mrs. . Many believe it to mean "sea of bitterness" or "sea of sorrow." However, some sources cite the alternative definitions of "rebellion," "wished-for child," and "mistress or lady of the sea." The name is borne in the Bible by the mother . Their crew consisted of between 100 and 200 men. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% The sisters go to the Breedlove home, but no one is there. This reassured allied civilians. [18] French decision-makers knew that the victory of 1918 had been achieved because the British Empire and the United States were allies in the war and that the French would have been defeated on their own. The false sense of security contributed "to the development of the "Maginot mentality". The cobbler splatters on the floor and burns her, and her mother comes in and beats her. The boldest and most pivotal German line of attack ran through the dense Ardennes Forest in Belgium, which both the French and the other Allies had dismissed as impassable. [24] The Germans were expected to fight costly offensives, whose failures would sap the strength of the Reich, while the French waged a total war, mobilising the resources of France, its empire and allies. [25] Besides the demographic reasons, a defensive strategy served the needs of French diplomacy towards Great Britain. This section opens with a long description of his character and ancestry. Her mother reinforces this connection as well. It breaks and the girls run away, scared. . Her incessant cleaning suggests she feels her home has been dirtied through the violation of her daughter. Kaufmann and H.W. You go around it. France lost about 1.4 million dead and 4.2 million wounded, while . They understand that China and Poland are ruined as well but think that they are not fat because they drink whiskey. 19 January 2021. She then throws her root-beer bottle down at the girls' feet and laughs loudly, terrifying the girls, who run until they can't run any farther. Petits ouvrages: These small fortresses reinforced the line of infantry bunkers. But it was too late to reorganize the entire French military in a matter of months. High-voltage Transmission Lines, initially above-ground but then buried, and connected to the civil power grid, provided electric power to the many fortifications and fortresses. The largest of these structures, Fort Douaumont, was captured by the Germans in 1915 and triggered the infamous Battle of Verdun, the longest and bloodiest battle of WWI, claiming 400,000 French casualties and 350,000 German losses. Frieda and Claudia walk to the lakefront houses, in a beautiful neighborhood with a park that is for white children only. He is fiercely protective of his daughters. All cloches were made of alloy steel. A defensive strategy based on the Maginot Line was an excellent way of demonstrating to Britain that France was not an aggressive power and would only go to war in the event of German aggression, a situation that would make it more likely that Britain would enter the war on France's side.[28]. The Maginot Line is a historic meme, a shrine to the failure of fixed defenses in the age of tanks and planes. The Maginot Line was impervious to most forms of attack. The three prostitutes are nice to her, which makes her love them.. The guerre de longue dure strategy called for the French to halt the expected German offensive meant to give the Reich a swift victory; afterwards, there would be an attrition struggle; once the Germans were exhausted, France would begin an offensive to win the war. Ace your assignments with our guide to The Bluest Eye! This passage foretells the sexual violence and oppression experienced by the female characters of The Bluest Eye. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Indeed, Belgium feared it would be sacrificed in the event of another German invasion. "Why the Massive Maginot Line Failed to Stop Hitler" Principal line of resistance: This line began 10km (6mi) behind the border. 10. They argue had those troops been moved north, "it is possible that Heeresgruppe A's advance could have been blunted, giving time for Groupe d'armees 1 to reorganise". And like any trench, it belonged to the . Origin of Marie. [4], Postwar assessment of whether the Maginot Line served its purpose has been mixed. A light-skinned, wealthy Black girl who is new at the local school. This section, like the sections on Pauline and Cholly, shows a preoccupation with geneology and ancestry. Angered by her experience and ready to take action rather than remain and. Pecola 's lies demonstrate the insecurity she feels her home has been dirtied through the violation of pink. 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