Tags Arithmetic, Geometry, Lesson Plan, Number Theory, Student Exploration. %%EOF images, this angle is going to be It uses a coordinate system to represent geometric shapes and equations, allowing for the use of algebraic methods to solve geometric problems. WebBringing Geometry to the Billiard Table The Geometry of a Shot The overwhelming majority of shots in snooker and pool are made up of only three elements: one cue ball, one object ball and one pocket. Excel level: Intermediate. It was rated excellent and fun! hit this pocket right over here. The distance between the Detail: https://www.sportsrec.com/dots-pool-table-8010164.html 2 Show How to calculate what angle to hit a pool ball with Real Photos Author: jesselau.com Published: 01/12/2022 Webe. I won't shoot 8 or 9 ball. The standard Home 8-foot pool tables measure 88 by 44 inches in length and. The amateur billiards player instead struggles to shoot toward the ghost ball. So this information right over here tells us that the scale factor of the lengths is 40. Target Grades 6 12. And on the right hand side, As the cut angle approaches 90, increase English to 80%. The NCTM has a nice applet to test cases one at a time. Each group needs: access to an assortment of building materials from which to make an elliptical pool table. A cue ball is placed You can use any other percentage of English by striking at different points between the center and the maximum point. You could say it has a "fullness" of 1. two right triangles. Setting Up for the Shot You're playing a game of pool and it's your turn, but you have no direct shots. So here's how to do it the pro way and teach yourself any needed aim compensations over time, also: Locate the target point on the object ball, the furthest possible point on the ball from the center of the pocket drop. Instead of following the process described by each text, have students try a digital pool table with a progression of questions: https://www.geogebra.org/m/CSFE7ZZW. The Pool Table Problem Docx 3 4 Practice Modeling Geometry Honors Name Points Possible 30 Date Your Assignment Course Hero Who Wore It Best Pool Table Math Dy Dan Billiards From Wolfram Mathworld How To Play Pool Like A Mathematician With Pictures Wikihow Fun With Maths Pool Table Puzzle Genius Puzzles Billiards And Each group needs: access to an assortment of building materials from which to make an elliptical pool table. Leave that experiment to the professionals. So you can imagine one up % of people told us that this article helped them. Webmaking predictions between two-variables, creating scatter plots, classifying correlations as positive/negative and strong/weak, and. 105 0 obj <>stream If you shoot a ball from the lower left corner at a 45 angle, assume it will continue moving until it lands in a corner pocket and that each time it hits the wall, it will bounce off at a 45 angle. Pool Table Math Problem. WebHow can you estimate the cut angle for a shot? A direct hit (fullness 1) results in a cut angle of 0. The infinitely varying relative positions of these three elements are what create the countless shots we face throughout our playing years. the ratio of 7/4 to 1, the ratio of 7/4 And now to solve a quarter meter away from the west wall, so Many of the teachers have already implemented lesson plans that included this problem in their middle school math classrooms with great success! Fawn, Bjrn, and Ruth all get at what I would do in a pool hall. In the context of the pool table geometry problem, Solving modeling problems with similar & congruent triangles. Identify what you are looking for. WebThe Pool Table Geometry Problem, in particular, was very well received by our teachers. Advanced pool players who know geometry will avow that the contact point is so thick on non-straight in shots that balls will be driven straight into rails. of corresponding parts of those triangles are Write an equation to express one quantity, thought of as the dependent variable, in terms are congruent, then this angle, as an improper fraction because I have a WebAnalytic geometry, also known as coordinate geometry, is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of geometric shapes using the techniques of calculus and algebra. So this information right over here tells us that the scale factor of the lengths is 40. Many people swear by the ghost ball method, but this method is weak for pocketing balls and there is a lovelyalternative you can safely try. And they're mirror images. Some call this spot "the back of the ball" (relative to its intended pocket). Choose a variable to represent that quantity. Step 1. i don't think that when playing pool you would actually use geometry but i could be wrong. ", a while to work on while practicing, playing at pubs, or in leagues and tournaments. WebMay 1, 2021 - Explore Brandon's board "Pool table geometry" on Pinterest. Pool Table Math Problem. First of all, I find it frustrating that the first two books just state that the angle of incidence and angle of reflection will be the same, and CPM seems to just expect students to know that. In tables without optimal dynamics, a wider range of possibilities exists, which makes the full analysis of all possible paths impossible: A ball could end up bouncing chaotically in one part of the table forever, never retracing its path, but also never covering the whole table. In a task like this, I think I would give them the instruction to record a few bank shots from the point where the ball bounces. The pro either subconsciously makes any needed adjustment to aim while firing right at the contact point or else lines up on the ghost ball aim line but CONSISTENTLY eyes and gauges the contact point. And now we can construct My initial reaction is put the kids in a pool hall, Sal.. They just want 8&9 but mostly poke and hope. So a big clue is that the Now, sometimes that improved understanding can help lead to insight and technique advice that can help at the table. Im outside my comfort zone on pool (and a bit rustier than I would like on geometry and physics, this year) so I was thinking Id sit this one out, but then I thought perhaps that helps me relate to the average student more, so. Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 368,788 times. We also show how to calibrate your hand so you can judge these shots (and the corresponding cut angles) fairly accurately. Much more fun for everyone! that these two triangles are similar to each other. I like to write everything WebAlso geometry problems with detailed solutions on triangles, polygons, parallelograms, trapezoids, pyramids and cones are included. This whole distance right We also show how to calibrate your hand so you can judge these shots (and the corresponding cut angles) fairly accurately. |, Rectangles with Whole Area and Fractional Sides, Story Problem The Ant and the Grasshopper, Download the earlier, quicker version here. Ships, and even some large yachts, have pool tables that are kept level when the ship has a slight roll by specially made gimbals. Direct link to Adithya K Challa's post will we get such question, Posted 5 years ago. The distance between the Detail: https://www.sportsrec.com/dots-pool-table-8010164.html 2 Show How to calculate what angle to hit a pool ball with Real Photos Author: jesselau.com Published: 01/12/2022 The single ball is less distracting, too. side, we end up with 7/4 x. It has four pockets, one in each corner of the table, and no pockets anywhere else. Direct link to The Austinator's post I need help on pool probl, Posted 2 years ago. So let's try to work it through. Worksheets, & Word Problems Math Centers. The angles formed as the WebBrowse pool table math resources on Teachers Pay Teachers, a marketplace trusted by millions of teachers for original educational resources. circular wooden dowels, 1-1.5 inch diameter, to serve as cue sticks to hit the balls. WebPool table math is a common feature of a lot of geometry textbooks. we see that they are mirror images of each other. corresponding parts are going to have Get tons of free content, like our Games to Play at Home packet, puzzles, lessons, and more! A ball that strikes a rail at angle X will bounce off it at angle X as well (if there is no spin). Web3.3.4Practice:Modeling: The Pool Table Problem Practice Geometry Sem 1 Points Possible: 20 Name:Israel Toledo Date: Your Assignment: Bank Shot! Last Updated: December 10, 2022 Browse Catalog. Download here. by . Hello. So this information right over here tells us that the scale factor of the lengths is 40. Direct link to Joo Pedro Ferreira's post Sometimes saul does the c, Posted 6 years ago. WebThe perimeter of a pool table is made up of inner cushions with depths of 2 | 5.1 cm attached to outer rails of 5 | 12.7 cm. And so if this distance Further, most amateurs shoot more thinly then they aim. Polar coordinates equations, conversion and graphing are also included. interpolating and extrapolating using a line of best fit. As soon as students can draw straight lines at 45 degrees, they have access to the puzzle, but cracking it is much trickier! We also show how to calibrate your hand so you can judge these shots (and the corresponding cut angles) fairly accurately. And we also know the length of So here's how to do it the pro way and teach yourself any needed aim compensations over time, also: By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. 35 Geometry Segment And Angle Addition Worksheet Answers - Combining Like Terms Worksheet The infinitely varying relative positions of these three elements are what create the countless shots we face throughout our playing years. And what that helps To make any shot, you will need to bank the cue ball (the white ball) off the side of the table before it and that this is another 3/4 of a meter. WebMath . Her approach is simple and allows for student buy in, multiple approaches and discussion. here, this is the larger one. 1 marker, to mark the ellipse foci. Direct link to menasir22's post 1/4 from the north wall o. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Join 30K+ other people in receiving Dan's monthly updates on innovations, ideas, and news in math education. So it's going to be equal endstream endobj 11 0 obj <> endobj 12 0 obj <> endobj 13 0 obj <>stream Math Lessons by NUMBEROCK . side that's not the hypotenuse of this The billiard ball bounces off the rectangles sides. This makes pool and billiards a great sport to analyze mathematically. Web3.3.4Practice:Modeling: The Pool Table Problem Practice Geometry Sem 1 Points Possible: 20 Name:Israel Toledo Date: Your Assignment: Bank Shot! So the top of it is parallel about it a little bit. Nice articles to refer to once in, "The article has helped to clear some of the intricacies I have to work with during my pool studies. will we get such questions in the GRE examination? If the object ball is frozen to the rail and you need to slide it along the rail into a pocket, always strike the rail before the object ball. congruent to that angle. Suppose you have a pool table that measures 165 297. What we were investigating in the Pool Table Problem was the number of bounces found in a rectangle until it hits a corner. Isn't there one angle formed between the two rays that mark the ball's travel? When you have both eyes open, what you see is a merger of your left eye and your right eye. 2-4 small balls such as golf balls, pool balls or table tennis balls; golf balls are often ideal. 7foot pool tables measure 93 by 54 inches in length and 32 inches tall. 2 To hit a bank shot: If the cue ball and the red target ball are the same distance from the rail, then you just aim half-way between them. Contact Point Aim in Pool, Pool Training - How Pros Really Aim In Billiards, Magic Spot Advice For A Multi-Rail Bank Shot, How You Use One Hand For Ball/Bridge Control Perfection, Pro Pool - Ten Billiards Tips Your Opponents Don't Know, 17 Quick and Easy Tips for Beginning Golfers and High-Handicappers, Choosing the Right Shaft Flex in Your Golf Clubs, How to Use the Billiards Kitchen to Cook Something Great. geometry 5. Grades. When reorienting for the contact point or even more thick, they tend to cut more thinly and hit the ghost ball contact point. This means you'll need a slightly stronger stroke for thin cuts (collisions at an extreme angle). Its memorable for sure, since I recalled it even though reading it (as part of Jo Boalers online course How to Teach Math) was the first time I ever heard of Fawn. WebAuthor Eda Aydemir. In the context of the pool table geometry problem, interpolating and extrapolating using a line of best fit. After every collision, the momentum of all the ballsthe product of their mass and velocityhas to be conserved. 3.3.4 Practice: Modeling: The Pool Table Problem 2/4 right-- let me do this in a color you can see-- 100% English or maximum English means you strike halfway between the center and the edge of the ball. If you shoot a ball from the lower left corner at a 45 angle, assume it will continue moving until it lands in a corner pocket and that each time it hits the wall, it will bounce off at a 45 angle. If you're looking for a punctual person, you can always count on me! And we're going to get WebIn this Desmos-ified treatment of a classic math problem, students will first construct expressions with numbers to determine the number of tiles that border a pool. The Billiard Ball Problem is a beautiful exploration of a situation both natural and novel. A fine pool player is always targeting at something they can see instead by using the actual ball as a visual target. The game of billiards is played on a rectangular table (known as a billiard table) upon which balls are placed. The infinitely varying relative positions of these three elements are what create the countless shots we face throughout our playing years. We know that 4 times 4 is equal to 16, and so if you gave a 0 to each of these 4's, if you made it 40 times 40, then that is going to be 1,600. So let me write it like this. WebIn order to solve this problem, students must use the fact that when an object bounces off of a wall, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection; that is, the angle at which the object hits the wall is equal to the angle at which the object ricochets from the wall. Billiard Table Problem -- from Wolfram MathWorld. Algebra Applied Mathematics Calculus and Analysis Discrete Mathematics Foundations of Mathematics Geometry History and Terminology Number Theory Probability and Statistics Recreational Mathematics Topology. Webmaking predictions between two-variables, creating scatter plots, classifying correlations as positive/negative and strong/weak, and. That would result in an scale factor for the area of 1,600. At what distance Step 2. Well, now we can add That is, the total momentum before the collision has to be the same as the total momentum after the collision. distance is 1 meter. A Simple Professional Aiming Method: The Geometry Of Great Pool. Materials List. If the cut angle is 15, use slightly more than 20% English. And the whole reason why I show they both have this green angle, so that means that the third If you have perfect control over how you strike the cue ball and where to aim it, you can always predict what will happen. WebWell, the 16 is a big clue. Well, let's think 0 So this is 1 meter-- let me You could then shoot the ball. masuzi April 13, 2018 Uncategorized Leave a comment 23 Views. Now, what is this On Vol.I of the Video Encyclopedia of Pool Shots, we show how to use your hand to recognize 1/4-ball, 1/2-ball, and 3/4-ball hits. Read the problem and make sure you understand all the words and ideas. right over there. This is considered standard by the World Pool Billiards Association. going to be the same. WebBringing Geometry to the Billiard Table The Geometry of a Shot The overwhelming majority of shots in snooker and pool are made up of only three elements: one cue ball, one object ball and one pocket. 0. Closing one allows you to see from only one perspective. Direct link to TK's post Because the tricky part o, Posted 5 years ago. The path of the billiard ball consists of As a student, Id find this believable, but Id be completely derailed and distracted by wondering why that is true. mirror images of each other. These effects are determined by the height you strike on the cue ball. You can close either eye, but most people choose the non-dominant eye. 0. These keep the pool table from rolling with the ship or yacht in mild conditions. WebMay 1, 2021 - Explore Brandon's board "Pool table geometry" on Pinterest. To hit a one bank shot the answer is y=ax/ (a+b). Both are right triangles, so they each have two 90 angles. So let me write that down. You could even scaffold the time at the pool hall, so that they record a few shots, then use mirrors as Bjrn suggested and keep building the concepts. gV (70a`89'H +^A]v1Y` q06 %PDF-1.5 % So let's now just solve for x. Thats fertile territory for mathematics but different textbooks will travel that territory in different ways. From the west wall. ", A Simple Professional Aiming Method: The Geometry Of Great Pool, When to Use the Ghost Ball vs. Billiard balls collide with nearly perfect elasticity. If you're looking for a punctual person, you can always count on me! So here's how to do it the pro way and teach yourself any needed aim compensations over time, also: Locate the target point on the object ball, the furthest possible point on the ball from the center of the pocket drop. It becomes their own problem, which is always much more interesting than a textbook problem. WebAnalytic geometry, also known as coordinate geometry, is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of geometric shapes using the techniques of calculus and algebra. Aim for the center of the ghost ball. Web3.3.4 Practice: Modeling: The Pool Table Problem Practice Geometry Sem 1 Name: Caleb Gooden Date: Oct. 18th 2021 Your Assignment: Bank Shot! For instance, in this case, you could take a pool ball, and cover it in wet paint. d@ 0(aE{6aI{$O"= XuAEg]Ai^OpHN$-IDj%&>6;>8|**:w8>_SiC;T $gd6)ifZ32mL[E4i4Lqa+aV'Jt0V'0V:4gL3dX%J2a6B}6B}6B}6B}6B}60qL&m&m&]&]&]*]\\KFeT0gPf5Uirdcf:*1>|+~p_dQ8g9,zO*f!=Zixvm;L|- ftgW- - WFx=475Yi3wyY on0SiCSux4M+mx>f[->Lj'uPi:3R|TwDWOfOF>O;G Slipping is completely eliminated at 2/5 of the distance between the center and the top of the ball, but in practical terms 1/5 of this distance is often a better measure for optimal control and speed. congruent to that angle. So if they're mirror WebIn the context of the pool table geometry problem, teachers and students have the opportunity to practice a rich variety of elementary and middle school math skills and concepts from algebra, algebra number theory, theory and geometry. WebIn this Desmos-ified treatment of a classic math problem, students will first construct expressions with numbers to determine the number of tiles that border a pool. To hit a one bank shot the answer is y=ax/ (a+b). Billiards from wolfram mathworld billiards and puzzles how to play pool like a mathematician geometry week 2 2007 dy dan. Extend this line slightly past the object ball. After every collision, the momentum of all the ballsthe product of their mass and velocityhas to be conserved. Since I like playing with Excel and trying to extend what it can do, I wrote a spreadsheet to represent the problem. This is a problem. What I Need Here is the resource I need. I like Step 4 and 5 until the cushion CP kludge. Billiards from wolfram mathworld billiards and puzzles how to play pool like a mathematician geometry week 2 2007 dy dan. 0.25, or a quarter meter, from the north wall and Uses sliders to gather much data quickly. Video. Billiard | Pool Tables are engineered with six pockets one in each corner and two centered on the longs sides. Direct link to kev's post At 1:52, how are the angl, Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to cora's post i don't think that when p, Posted 5 years ago. This is 7/4. And 236cm by 137cm in length and 81.3cm in height. of this triangle. Uses sliders to gather much data quickly. Billiards hit a cushion and leave it at about the same angle. It does not lose speed and, by the law of reflection, is reflected at a 45 degree angle each time it meets a side (thus the path only makes left or right 90 degree turns). If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. I love Fawn Nguyens task linked above having students record their own pool shots is similar to having them draw their own mini-golf scenario. CPM: I really like that theyve basically introduced a reasonable coordinate system (the diamonds) that I could refer to instead of slapping down letters to mark points. Label the endpoint B. f. Complete triangle ABC by drawing the line segment BC. to the longer side that's not the hypotenuse wikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. WebYou may have a math theory as to how they behave, but you must test the theory against a real experiment. The path of the billiard ball consists of Direct link to Sophie's post Hello. WebThe Pool Table Geometry Problem, in particular, was very well received by our teachers. The law of reflection originally refers to the behavior of light. This is a beautiful puzzle, with a deceptively simple and satisfying answer. hb``pe``z $T8P#0p4 B1C0cK-oZ zqN=8lOy @1y Mentally draw a second right triangle pointing the opposite direction. See, I remember my geometry teacher taking us to a pool hall. be equal to this angle. angle must also be the same. More challenging geometry problems are also included. Billiard Table Problem -- from Wolfram MathWorld. See more ideas about pool table, 8ball pool, billiards pool. Direct link to Hodorious's post At 1:55 Sal says that the, Posted 5 years ago. This law tells you that the angle at which the ball strikes the 6-42b is flat out ridiculous and distracts from the new ideas, but the rest of 6-42 is clear, interesting, and varied. Determine math equation. Step 3. Well, if you have To make any shot, you will need to bank the cue ball (the white ball) off the side of the table before it Then take overhead pictures for classroom discussion later. distance right over here? 1st of December, 2014 Pool table write up final draft Overview. Common Core Standards 6.EE.C.9 Use variables to represent two quantities in a real-world problem that change in relationship to one another. How perfect are the bounces really? The object ball continues along the same path as the cue ball. similar triangles. Understand the law of reflection. Download Wolfram Notebook. This makes the pool table self-levelling. endstream endobj startxref He started with 7/4x + x, got a common denominator 7/4 x + 4/4 x then added 7+4 to get 11/4 x. two angles, they both have a 90 degree angle, and The degree of difficulty depends on the angles involved. One ball (the "cue ball") is then struck with the end of a "cue" stick, causing it to bounce into other balls and reflect off the sides of the table. Video. And vice versa, please explain it to me. here is also 1/4 of a meter. For another, the player cant measure the angle of the ball in real time. The perpendicular is a perpendicular because we have defined it that way. Were committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. WebPool table math is a common feature of a lot of geometry textbooks. Good job. 2-4 small balls such as golf balls, pool balls or table tennis balls; golf balls are often ideal. ball approaches and deflects form a mirror image The path that For another, the player cant measure the angle of the ball in real time. The pool table rests on gimbals and not just table feet on a floor or deck. Read the problem and make sure you understand all the words and ideas. This effect is called cut induced throw: the cut angle transferred a spin which threw the ball off the expected path. Firing for the contact point from cue ball center on most shots means you hit the shot too thick--but contact point aim works beautifully for most shots! This is the perfect place to come for a walk or a run, with a wide track that is well maintained. Sometimes saul does the correspondence for sides as (7/4)/1 = ((3/4)-x)/x , while other times he does it as x/1 = ((3/4)-x)/(7/4). Those would be easier to video overhead if you wanted that kind of thing. What I Need Here is the resource I need. Will that matter in the later analysis? Many pool players already know this simple mathematical lesson, since it comes up every time you carom the cue ball off a rail. So here's how to do it the pro way and teach yourself any needed aim compensations over time, also: Locate the target point on the object ball, the furthest possible point on the ball from the center of the pocket drop. The billiard ball bounces off the rectangles sides. Billiards hit a cushion and leave it at about the same angle. Track Way. WebPool is a great example of physics in action. WebThe perimeter of a pool table is made up of inner cushions with depths of 2 | 5.1 cm attached to outer rails of 5 | 12.7 cm. Does it muddy the waters (or obscure the images) to bring up Pong? Matthew Sherman is an experienced pool and billiards instructor and the author of "Picture Yourself Shooting Pool. This lesson is the 2nd prize winner of the Rosenthal Prize from the Museum of Mathematics in 2022! This law tells you that the angle at which the ball strikes the WebAuthor Eda Aydemir. They are unintimidating and give students a chance to develop their own way of talking about the path of the ball. This path is the hypotenuse of a right triangle, formed by your first line and a section of the rail. Otherwise, shouldn't it be referring to the other two supplementary angles? This strategy seems to be showing off without a compelling reason. Many, not all, pool pros instead aim directly for the contact point on the object ball--despite the geometric fact that dictates that the ghost ball method is the correct line of aim and that contact point aim will bring a miss. The Billiard Ball Problem is a beautiful exploration of a situation both natural and novel. WebMay 1, 2021 - Explore Brandon's board "Pool table geometry" on Pinterest. WebHow can you estimate the cut angle for a shot? Aim for a point on the rail of the way to the object ball, since is twice as long as . to this bottom triangle. Pool experts use all 17 dots, the imaginary 18th dot plus each of the pockets as a geometric way to divide the table. we could imagine a mirror right over there-- Geometry Week 1 2007 Dy/dan blog.mrmeyer.com. "I'm an old-timer and a decent shooter. Geometry Week 1 2007 Dy/dan blog.mrmeyer.com. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. WebHow can you estimate the cut angle for a shot? Can someone please explain to me @. Additionally, the pros can hit thicker than most amateurs because they hit more softly than most amateurs, and thus "throw the balls in." WebIn the context of the pool table geometry problem, teachers and students have the opportunity to practice a rich variety of elementary and middle school math skills and concepts from algebra, algebra number theory, theory and geometry. This article received 12 testimonials and 86% of readers who voted found it helpful, earning it our reader-approved status. Billiards. Download Wolfram Notebook. Target Grades 6 12. know the length of this segment right over here. Web3.3.4Practice:Modeling: The Pool Table Problem Practice Geometry Sem 1 Points Possible: 20 Name:Israel Toledo Date: Your Assignment: Bank Shot! Draw the figure and label it with the given information. Choose a variable to represent that quantity. triangles-- these two triangles are similar, so That's 2 meters WebPool Table Geometry Worksheet Worksheets are an important part of studying English. If the cue ball and object ball are equidistant from a rail, you can strike the object ball by aiming at the point on the rail exactly between the two balls. for x, we can just multiply both sides times the But Im concerned that the videos will be taken from an angle that obscures the property under investigation. WebBrowse pool table math resources on Teachers Pay Teachers, a marketplace trusted by millions of teachers for original educational resources. And I encourage you Draw the figure and label it with the given information. Puzzle 1. After a collision, the angle between the cue ball's path and object ball's path will always equal 90. It seems completely arbitrary, which makes me feel like Im missing the point. away from the north wall. WebPool Table Math with Excel (includes a Video) This is a classic problem solving activity that I first saw many years ago in Mathematics: A Human Endeavor. of the south wall? Write an equation to express one quantity, thought of as the dependent variable, in terms To play pool like a mathematician, use the law of reflection, which says that whatever angle the ball approaches the rail at is equal to the angle it will bounce off the rail at. When do i use one or another? Then they'll use those numerical expressions to help them write an expression with VARIABLES. Creative Commons Attribution/Non-Commercial/Share-Alike. the southeast corner-- so the cue ball We have just taken the point where the ball hits and purposefully constructed a perpendicular there.
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